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翻譯技巧學習
醫學英省略句的翻譯
作者:蔣吉清
發布時間:2007-08-30
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     醫學英語中并列句和复合句的省略大量存在,省略的部分主要是一些詞(或成分)。下面就怎樣補充這兩類句子中省略的詞(或成分)進行探討。
 1.  補充并列句中省略的詞(或成分)
     在并列句中,第二個(或第三個、第四個……)分句与前面相同的部分,常予省略。這种省略的部分不難從前面的分句中推想出來。
      Much can be ascertained by inspection of the stool; thus the pale, slimy, fatty stool indicates fat indigestion, the curdy stool (indicates) protein indigestion, while the pale, frothy stool results from excess of sugar.
     一般通過肉眼觀察大便就可以很清楚地查明:灰白的、粘性的、脂樣的糞便表示脂肪消化不良;凝乳樣的糞便表示蛋白質消化不良;而灰白色有泡沫的糞便則是由糖類過多所引起(補充indicates)。
     The patient’s trachea should he opened as soon as possible and the foreign body (should be) removed at once.
     病人的气管應盡快切開,异物應立即取出(補充should be)。
     In other words, an atom of chlorine will combine with one hydrogen atom, an atom of oxygen (will combine) with two (hydrogen atom),an atom of nitrogen (will combine) with three (hydrogen atoms),and an atom of carbon (will combine) with four (hydrogen atoms).
     換句話說,一個氯原子會与一個氫原子化合,一個氧原子會与兩個氫原子化合,一個氮原子會与三個氫原子化合,而一個碳原子會与四個氫原子化合(第二、三、四分句中均省略了will combine和hydrogen atoms,譯文均予補充)。
     Some diseases are communicated from man to man on1y; some, from animal to man; some , from man to animal and from animal back to man; and some, from animal to animal only.
      有些病只在人与人之間傳播,有些病是從動物傳到人,有些病則從人傳到動物,又從動物傳回到人,而有些病則僅在動物之間傳播(第二、三、四分句中some后均用逗號代替了省略的diseases  are communicated等詞,譯文均予補充)。
     This time the experiment failed and (it was) a good thing too, for it enabled us to realize our shortcomings.
      這次實驗失敗了,但〔這〕也是好事,它使我們明白了自己的不足(補充it was,但it也可免譯)。
     In most cases there are three main pile masses, one (is) situated anteriorly, the others (are situated) posterolaterally.
     大多數病例有三個主要的痔塊,一個位于前面,其余的位于后側面(兩個分句分別補充is和,situated)。
     但有時并列句中省略的詞(或成分)翻譯時也可不予補充。例如:
     During the period of convalescence, activity should be restricted for 10-14 days and exposure to sunlight (should be) avoided.
     在恢复期,應限制活動10到14天,并避免日晒(省略部分不必補充)。
     For one engaged in a sedentary occupation, this extra energy requirement rises to from 30-40 percent above basal; for one at moderately active muscular work, (this extra energy requirement rises to from) 40-80 percent (above basal); and for one at hard muscular work, (this extra energy requirement rises to from) 80-200 percent (above basal).
     一個坐著干活的人,所需要的卡數比基礎代謝多30%-40%a,輕体力勞動者多40%-80%,而重体力勞動者則多80%-200%(各省略部分均不予補充)。
      Antibody levels against a soluble antigen of the virus are measured by complement fixation; (antibody levels) against the virus itself (are measured) by agglutination inhibition, or by neutralization in vivo.
     与病毒的可溶性抗原相應的抗体滴度,用補体結合法予以測定;和病毒本身相應的抗体,用血細胞凝集抑制法或体內中和試驗測定之(省略的levels不予補充)。
 2.  補充复合句中省略的詞(或成分)
     复合句中的省略情況比并列句多,但這种省略部分翻譯時不一定都要補充。應否補充主要取決于是否符合漢語遣詞造句的習慣。
     When such organisms gain entrance to the tissues, they grow and thrive unless (they are) clrecked by the forces of the circulation that appose them.
     當這類細菌進人組織后,如果循環中的對抗力量不能夠阻抑它們,細菌就會生長和繁殖(省略的they are予以補充)。
     Whatever its cause  (may be),the management of the anorexia requires psychological support and good preparation of food.
     不管其病因是什么,食欲缺乏的處理是需要心理上的支持和食物烹調的改善(省略的be予以補充)。
     When the patient with regional enteritis complains of the symptoms arising from disaccharidase dificiency, the clinician should be alert to evaluate an elimination diet starting with lactose containing components and consider diagnostic studies using tolerance tests and/or enzyme analyses of small bowel mucosa, if (it is) available.
     節段性腸炎病人訴述由于二醋 缺乏所引起的症狀時,臨床醫師就應机智地為病人計算一种開始時包含乳糖成分的脫敏食譜,并且考慮做一些診斷上的研究,如耐受性(負荷)試驗和(或)小腸枯膜的 分析(省略部分不予補充)。
     So great is the reserve of the body that the heart, even though (the heart is) enlarged, if taken proper care of will perform its allotted task creditably.
     人体的潛力是如此之大,以致即使心臟肥大,只要得到适當的照顧,心臟就能夠可靠地完成它所擔負的任務(省略部分予以補充)。
     Biopsies, although (they are) inconclusive, are definite1y worthwhile.
     活組織檢查雖然不是結論性的,但确有一定价值(省略的are予以補充)。
 This is such a common place occurrence that there is a rule of thumb that any convulsion occurring after the age of thirty years should be regarded as brain tumor until (the convulsion is) proved otherwise.
     這是一個如此普通的現象以致靠經驗估計就可推出30歲以后發生的任何惊厥都應看作腦瘤,除非証明另有別病(省略部分不予補充)。
     While not all would be suffering ill-effects of drug administration, a significant proportion would be (suffering ill-effects of drug administration).
     雖然不是所有用藥的病人都患有藥物反應性疾病,但是确有相當一部分人會得這种疾病(省略部分予以補充)。
                                                      (引自﹕醫學情報工作,2001(01)﹕54-56)
 
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